Nanoemulsion-Based Drug Delivery Systems: Advances and Applications for Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs

Poorly water-soluble drugs pose significant challenges in pharmaceutical development due to their limited aqueous solubility, which often results in low bioavailability and suboptimal therapeutic efficacy. Nanoemulsion-based drug delivery systems have gained considerable attention as a promising strategy to address these limitations. Nanoemulsions, characterized by their nanoscale droplet size and enhanced kinetic stability, offer improved solubilization, protection of labile drugs, and potential for controlled and targeted delivery. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamentals, formulation approaches, preparation techniques, and characterization methods of nanoemulsions. It also highlights recent applications in delivering poorly water-soluble drugs across various administration routes, along with an analysis of current challenges and future innovations. The discussion underscores the critical role of nanoemulsions in enhancing drug bioavailability and therapeutic outcomes, paving the way for their successful clinical translation and commercial use