Mental Health in Times of Disease Outbreaks: The Case of African University Students under COVID-19 Quarantine

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, developed into a global health crisis that necessitated restrictive public health measures such as quarantine, lockdown, and isolation. Although these measures were vital in slowing viral spread, they simultaneously generated widespread psychosocial consequences, particularly for vulnerable populations. African university students were among the most affected, as pre-existing socioeconomic inequalities, fragile healthcare systems, and digital divides magnified the psychological toll of prolonged confinement. This review synthesised evidence from studies published between 2020 and 2024 to evaluate the mental health outcomes of quarantine on this demographic. A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, PsycINFO, Medline, and Ovid Embase, guided by the Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome (PICO) framework to ensure focus and rigor. Retrieved records were screened using Rayyan software, which enhanced transparency and minimised selection bias, while the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tools were employed for quality appraisal. Out of 595 studies identified, only nine satisfied the eligibility criteria. The findings demonstrated consistently high levels of anxiety, depression, and stress, exacerbated by poor access to online education, social isolation, and uncertainty about academic futures. Coping responses varied, with some students drawing on social networks and resilience, while others resorted to maladaptive behaviours. Collectively, the evidence underscores the urgent need for culturally relevant interventions and stronger institutional mental health support for African university students during health crises..