Strike Behavior and Behavioral Responses to Retrieval by Northern Pike ( <i>Esox lucius</i> ) During Ice Angling

ABSTRACT Behavior of fish during catch and release has not been well studied despite its potential importance for fish conservation and welfare. We used underwater video footage to examine behaviors of ice‐angled northern pike ( Esox lucius ) during approach and retrieval. Initial approach behavior by pike appeared to involve assessment of the dead bait presented prior to striking. Based on 42 recorded captures, pike responded to hook set and retrieval with the common behaviors of thrashing, dashing, or rolling in the line. The use of different hook styles (treble vs. 0° offset circle hooks) generally did not alter most aspects of the behavioral response; however, pike rolled in the line for significantly longer periods of time when captured on double treble quick‐strike rigs. Rolling in the line complicates retrieval and causes fish injury. In addition, placement of the hook in the jaw of pike reduced the proportion of time spent dashing compared to external embedment. Ultimately, our study provides new insight into fish behavior and suggests that tackle and hook placement may have an important influence on how fish respond to being captured. Underwater video footage provides a potentially powerful tool for understanding how fish respond to angling and should be combined with other indicators of catch and release success to help develop fishery‐specific guidelines.