Framework for Enhancing Interoperability, Data Exchange, and Security in Healthcare through Blockchain Technology

The healthcare sector is changing, such as fragmentation issues, the sharing of data, and the security of protected health information. Traditional systems tend to work independently or in silos, resulting in disjointed patient records and system inefficiency. With more trusted healthcare providers, patients relying more on digital solutions than ever, the urgency for a consistent data management solution has never been greater. This systematic literature review (SLR) aims to investigate the existing framework, factors, opportunities and challenges of blockchain technology in healthcare systems. The integrative approach was done according to the PRISMA guidelines. A literature search was carried out on various electronic databases, including PubMed, IEE Xplore, and ACM Digital Library, which gave a total of 832 articles, to begin with. Based on set scale criteria, 18 studies were deemed relevant for analysis. The findings indicate that blockchain technology holds promise due to its ability to facilitate secure and easy data sharing through immutability, cryptographic methods, and the removal of centralized authorities. However, there is a challenge of interoperability, data exchange and security within the healthcare systems and other technologies. This study contributes to the body of knowledge by developing a conceptual framework that helps policymakers, researchers, and practitioners that act as guide to effectively implement blockchain technology in healthcare. The framework addresses key considerations of traditional systems, such as scalability, interoperability, security, and regulatory compliance, and offers a structured approach to resolving current challenges.