Analysing the impact of sensory processing differences on color and texture preferences in individuals with autism spectrum disorder

Aesthetic experiences in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are uniquely shaped by atypical sensory processing, particularly in response to visual stimuli such as color and texture. While existing literature has explored general sensory sensitivities in ASD, little is known about how specific sensory attributes influence visual art preferences in this population. This study addresses this gap by investigating the relationship between sensory processing differences and aesthetic preferences for color intensity (soft vs. bold) and texture complexity (smooth vs. rough) in individuals with ASD. Using a mixed-methods design, 46 participants aged 6–40 years, representing varied sensory sensitivity profiles and gender identities, were presented with a series of custom-designed paintings differing systematically in color and texture. Quantitative data were obtained from 120 structured survey responses using a 5-point Likert scale to rate aesthetic preference, and qualitative data were gathered through in-depth interviews with a purposive subsample of 15 participants to capture emotional and sensory interpretations of their choices. Statistical analysis using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed that individuals with high sensory sensitivity predominantly preferred soft colors and smooth textures, often associating them with comfort, calmness, and reduced sensory overload. In contrast, those with lower sensitivity levels exhibited a broader range of preferences, including a greater tolerance for or interest in bold colors and rough textures. These findings suggest that sensory sensitivity significantly influences visual aesthetic experiences in ASD, with potential implications for personalized therapeutic interventions, inclusive art education, and sensory-friendly design practices.