Current international experience in drafting and implementing safety measures in vaccination delivery

Introduction Vaccination remains a cornerstone in combating infectious diseases, and understanding the global strategies and disparities in vaccination delivery is critical for improving public health outcomes. Aim This study focused on analysing the approaches and best practices of global health organisations in designing and implementing safe vaccination of the population to prevent infectious diseases, reduce their prevalence, and minimize associated adverse events. Material and methods The scientific work was based on a comparison of official data on vaccination against Covid-19 in the USA, Bulgaria, Italy, and Europe. Results and discussion By the end of 2021, Italy and the USA achieved high vaccination rates, with over 80% of Italy’s population and 65% of the US population receiving at least one dose. In contrast, Bulgaria, Romania, and Croatia had significantly lower rates, with revaccination coverage averaging below 25%. Strategies for combating diseases like polio, measles, and yellow fever were also found to be effective and safe, despite regional disparities in implementation. Conclusions The study highlights substantial disparities in vaccination rates between countries, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions in regions with low coverage. While international health organizations have ensured the safety and effectiveness of vaccination strategies, addressing these gaps is essential for improving global health equity and reducing the burden of infectious diseases.