Immersive and Interactive Learning: A Systematic Review of Virtual Reality in Primary Education

Virtual reality (VR) stands for the creation of a simulated environment. Over the last five years, VR, particularly mobile VR technology, has been applied in various educational settings. However, most research has focused on secondary and higher education, while few systematic analyses have focused on the use of VR in primary education. This study systematically reviews VR applications in primary education to address existing research gaps. Using a systematic review approach, we identified and screened studies, assessed their eligibility and inclusion, and used two key academic resources to analyze the data: Web of Science and Scopus. The final number of articles has reached thirty-nine. The results of these databases indicate that VR, particularly mobile VR technology, has a positive impact on learning engagement and teaching effectiveness in primary schools. Nevertheless, further research is needed to explore optimal strategies for integrating VR as an interactive tool in a wider range of educational environments in primary schools and to provide primary school teachers with effective strategies and suggestions for addressing current challenges.