Сучасні підходи до метрологічного контролю зубчастих коліс редукторів у важких умовах експлуатації

The subject of this study is the metrological support for the accuracy of manufacturing large-diameter gear wheels, which are key components of heavy-duty gearboxes operating under high loads, elevated temperatures, and dynamic stresses. These mechanisms are critical for ensuring the reliability of industrial equipment, and their unexpected failure may lead to significant technical and economic losses. The objective of this research is to investigate the factors influencing the geometric accuracy of gear teeth and to substantiate the effectiveness of quality control methods for these components using modern measuring equipment. The tasks include analyzing the regulatory framework of Ukraine and international standards, evaluating current measuring tools, exploring the capabilities of automated coordinate measuring machines (CMMs), and identifying trends in the development of digital technologies in the field of inspection. The methods used involve the analysis of normative documents (DSTU, ISO), comparison of the functionality of measuring systems, accuracy evaluation through graphical and topographical representations of measurement protocols, and modeling the impact of deviations on gearbox service life. The scientific novelty lies in the generalization of modern methods for controlling the geometry of large gear wheels, the justification of the effectiveness of using coordinate measuring machines (CMM) and digital measurement technologies, and the systematic analysis of standards and trends in metrological support under heavy-duty gearbox conditions. The results obtained demonstrate the feasibility of using CMMs for precise control of tooth profile, pitch, thickness, and other geometric parameters; the effectiveness of software applications for generating detailed measurement protocols is substantiated; and the role of digital technologies, such as laser scanning, optical systems, artificial intelligence (AI), and computed tomography, in enhancing the accuracy and informativeness of measurements is identified. Conclusions: The precision of gear wheels is a critical factor in increasing the service life and reliability of gearboxes. Therefore, modern metrological support must be based on a comprehensive approach that integrates advanced inspection systems, digital data analysis algorithms, and process automation, which together form the foundation of high-quality manufacturing in Ukraine's mechanical engineering sector.