Breaking Down Biases: Exploring Implementation of Affirmative Action Programs in Ethiopian Universities from the Eyes of Female Students and Faculty at Madda Walabu University

Abstract Affirmative action programs aimed at empowering female students have become a cornerstone in Ethiopian universities, yet their true impact remains largely unexplored. This study critically examines the implementation of such a program within the College of Natural and Computational Sciences at Madda Walabu University, using a qualitative case study rooted in empowerment theory. Through in-depth interviews with 27 purposively selected participants, the research uncovers a disconnection between the program’s intended empowerment goals and its real-world application. Despite broad support for affirmative action, dissatisfaction with its current execution was widespread. The findings call for urgent action by the college administration, urging collaboration with faculty to provide essential support mechanisms—tutorial classes, financial aid, and guidance counselling—to truly uplift and empower female students.