Perfil de Resistencia Bacteriana en Infecciones por Pseudomona Aeruginosa en Servicios UCI Adultos en una Clínica de Tercer Nivel en los Años 2021-2023

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics, especially in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is an increasing global health problem. It is estimated that by 2050, resistance could cause approximately ten million deaths annually. Unnecessary prescriptions and self-medication are the main contributors to this phenomenon. A study conducted between 2021 and 2023 analyzed 81 positive P. aeruginosa cultures obtained from hospitalized patients with various infections, revealing 8.6% resistance to Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBL) and an alarming 24.6% resistance to carbapenemases. Overall, 38.3% of the analyzed strains showed resistance, and 11.1% of the total sample were multidrug-resistant. The analysis showed that the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated the situation, with a peak of multidrug resistance in 2021 (13.8%), followed by a decrease in 2023 (7.4%), suggesting a possible stabilization. Most patients were older adults with comorbidities, indicating that these groups are especially vulnerable. Additionally, the predominant type of cultures were tracheal secretions, reflecting the high incidence of respiratory infections in critically ill patients. This study highlights the need for continuous surveillance and effective infection control policies. The findings emphasize the importance of adapting treatment and prevention protocols in clinical settings, especially in intensive care units, to manage bacterial resistance more effectively.