The Development and Characteristics of Zhuang Folk Songs in the Liujiang Vernacular Area, Guangxi, China

Background and Aim: Zhuang folk songs in the Liujiang vernacular area have undergone significant historical transformations, reflecting changes in social structures, political environments, and cultural policies. However, modernization and globalization have posed challenges to their preservation and transmission. This study explores the historical development and musical characteristics of Zhuang folk songs, analyzing their evolution and role in contemporary society. Materials and Methods: A qualitative research approach was employed, incorporating literature review, fieldwork, and case analysis. Nineteen representative Zhuang folk songs from The Anthology of Chinese Folk Songs: Guangxi Volume were analyzed, focusing on melody, rhythm, lyrics, and performance techniques. Data collection included historical document analysis and field observations. Results: Findings indicate that Zhuang folk songs have adapted to historical and sociopolitical changes while maintaining unique musical features influenced by the Liujiang dialect, including improvisational singing and non-isochronous rhythms. Though modern adaptations have simplified certain traditional elements, digital media has expanded their reach but also introduced challenges, including the potential loss of traditional performance practices due to commercialization and artistic fragmentation. Conclusion: Zhuang folk songs demonstrate resilience amid cultural transitions. Balanced preservation strategies, including education, digital archiving, and innovative reinterpretations, are essential for their sustainable development. Future research should explore regional comparisons and the evolving role of folk songs in cultural identity and the creative industries.