EFFICIENCY OF BIOLOGIZED WINTER WHEAT CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY IN THE FOREST-STEPPE ZONE OF MIDDLE VOLGA REGION

The studies were conducted to assess the efficiency of biologized soft winter wheat cultivation technology, which allows maintaining productivity at the level of intensive technology with the complete exclusion of mineral fertilizers and chemical pesticides. The experiments were carried out in Ulyanovsk region in 2020-2022 on winter wheat crops after field peas on leached heavy loamy chernozem (humus – 7.0%, P2O5 – 263 mg/kg, K2O – 117 mg/kg, pHKCl – 6.5). The intensive technology included pre-sowing seed treatment (Tabu, Vial Trast, Agrostimulin), herbicide (Ballerina Super), insecticide (Borey Neo) and fungicide (Kolosal Pro) treatment of crops, application of mineral fertilizers (NPK for a yield of 4 t/ha), as well as foliar feeding (Agrostimulin) and application of nitrogen (10 kg active ingredient/t of straw). The biologized technology included pre-sowing seed treatment (Fitosporin-MZh, Biolipostim, Borogum-M), plant protection measures (Fitosporin-MZh, BioSleep BW), foliar feeding (Borogum-M complex) and application of a stubble destructor (Stubble-12). The weed infestation of the experimental plot was estimated as average, the share of spring weeds was 68...82%, perennial weeds - 18...32% of their total number. The advantage of intensive technology in combating weed infestation of crops was a decrease in the biomass and number of weeds, in comparison with the biologized one, by 2.5 and 3.0 times. At the same time, despite the complete exclusion of mineral fertilizers and chemical plant protection products, the productivity of winter wheat in the variant with biologized agricultural technology was not inferior to the intensive one (respectively 3.19 and 3.20 t / ha). At the same time, grain production with its use was more profitable (123%), which ensured a higher conditional net income - 13,477 rubles/ha.