Chemo-immunotherapy for optimal control of Tumor using Hilfer fractional derivative

This research investigated an optimal control problem formulated using a Hilfer fractional-order differential model to describe the dynamics between tumor cells and the immune system during immuno-chemotherapy. The model emphasized the activation timing of effector cells and their capacity to generate a potent immune response against the tumor. The primary objective was to minimize the costs associated with immuno-chemotherapy while simultaneously reducing the tumor cell population through optimal control strategies. By solving both the state and adjoint equations, the optimal control problem was addressed numerically. Simulation results demonstrated that the proposed immuno-chemotherapy protocol significantly reduced the tumor burden.