A Numerical Study on Ag/CZTS/n-Si/Al Heterojunction Solar Cells Fabricated via Laser Ablation

CZTS (C-I/C-II) ultrathin films in 61 nm and 313 nm thicknesses were grown on microscopic glass and n-Si wafer substrates via laser ablation, respectively. C-II ultrathin film with higher thickness has a more developed crystal structure and consists of larger particles compared to C-I ultrathin film with reduced thickness. C-II ultrathin film absorbs more photons and has a lower band gap. The photovoltaic performance of the produced Ag/CZTS (C-II)/n-Si/Al solar cell is higher compared to the other solar cell-based C-I ultrathin film. The more improved crystal structure of C-II ultrathin film has increased the efficiency of the solar cell. The calculated photovoltaic parameters of the solar cells modeled with the SCAPS-1D simulation program were found to be compatible with the experimental parameters. This situation has proven that the operating performance of solar cells is reliable.