Hybrid Multi-Servo Motor Controller Within an IoT-Enabled Smart Mechatronics Framework

The increasing demand for precise motor control in industrial automation and IoT-integrated applications has driven the development of hybrid control systems for multi-servo motor management. Existing solutions often rely solely on either IoT-based automation or standalone manual control, limiting adaptability in environments with unreliable network connectivity. This study proposes a hybrid control system that integrates local potentiometer-based control with IoT-enabled remote operation to enhance flexibility and reliability. An experimental approach is employed to design and evaluate the hybrid control system, utilizing a modular controller board and MQTT as an IoT communication protocol. The system’s performance is assessed based on response time and synchronization accuracy under varying network conditions. Experimental findings demonstrate that the proposed system effectively balances remote accessibility while ensuring on-site reliability. The integration of MQTT QoS level 2 enhances real-time performance by ensuring the accurate delivery of messages. Measured delays range from 21.72 ms to 55.61 ms, with jitter values between 1.17 ms and 33.89 ms, highlighting the impact of data traffic on control precision. By addressing latency, synchronization, and connectivity challenges, the proposed system bridges the gap between IoT-driven automation and manual control mechanisms, providing a scalable and reliable solution for broader automation applications.