Rare Ovarian Tumors With Diagnostic And Management Challenges Presenting In A Tertiary Health Care Centre Sout India - A Case Series

Introduction: Ovarian cancer ranks as the third most common cancer among Indian women, contributing to 3% of all malignancies and 6% of cancer-related deaths. While epithelial tumors dominate the spectrum, rare ovarian tumors pose significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to their atypical presentations and varied histopathology. This case series presents four rare ovarian tumor cases managed at a tertiary care center in South India, highlighting the critical role of individualized diagnostic strategies and multidisciplinary management. Materials and Methods: Four women presenting with diverse gynecological symptoms underwent thorough clinical, radiological, and surgical evaluation. Final diagnosis was established through histopathological examination. Each case was assessed for clinical presentation, imaging findings, intraoperative features, and histological diagnosis. Results: Case 1 revealed a rare ovarian collision tumor comprising a benign serous cystadenoma and a mature cystic teratoma Case 2 involved a mixed germ cell tumor in a young woman with elevated tumor markers and a rapidly growing adnexal Case 3 was diagnosed with ovarian carcinosarcoma with homologous leiomyosarcomatous differentiation and nodal Case 4 demonstrated a benign Brenner tumor identified postoperatively in a patient with non-specific urinary and pelvic symptoms. Conclusion: Rare ovarian tumors encompass diverse histological subtypes and may present with vague or misleading symptoms. Imaging, tumor markers, and surgical evaluation are essential but not always definitive. Histopathological analysis remains the cornerstone of diagnosis. This case series underscores the necessity of high clinical suspicion, individualized care, and multidisciplinary input in achieving optimal outcomes for such uncommon ovarian neoplasms.