Comparison between laparoscopic radical hysterectomy and traditional open surgery in the treatment of early cervical cancer: A 100-case randomized controlled study on postoperative quality of life and complications

Objective: To compare the postoperative quality of life (QOL) and complication rates between laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (LRH) and traditional open hysterectomy (OH) in the treatment of early cervical cancer. Methods: From January 2020 to December 2023, 100 patients with stage ⅠA2-ⅡA1 cervical cancer were randomized into LRH group (50 cases) and OH group (50 cases). Surgical indicators, complications, 6-month QOL (FACT-C score), and 2-year disease-free survival (DFS) were compared. Results: The LRH group showed significantly better outcomes in intraoperative blood loss (150 ± 30 mL vs. 280 ± 50 mL, P < 0.01) and postoperative hospital stay (5.2 ± 1.3 days vs. 7.8 ± 1.5 days, P < 0.01) than the OH group. There was no significant difference in total complication rates (16.0% vs. 14.0%, P = 0.721), but the LRH group had a lower wound infection rate (2.0% vs. 8.0%, P = 0.043). The LRH group also demonstrated superior 6-month FACT-C scores (86.5 ± 8.2 vs. 80.3 ± 7.5, P = 0.002) and 2-year DFS (92.0% vs. 88.0%, P = 0.345), though the DFS difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: LRH is safe and feasible for early cervical cancer, improving postoperative QOL and reducing wound complications, with comparable long-term survival outcomes to OH.