Comparison of the efficacy of photodynamic therapy and LEEP in the treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effect of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Photodynamic Therapy (ALA-PDT) on cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 (CIN2) and the clearance effect of high risk human papiloma virus (HRHPV). papillomavirus (high risk human papiloma virus, HRHPV) clearance effect. Methods: Patients treated for high-grade cervical intraepithelial lesions, HSIL/CIN2 from February 2018 to February 2023 in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Air Force Specialty Medical Center were collected. Patients with CIN2 who met the eligibility criteria for enrollment were included and divided into a treatment group (ALA-PDT) and a control group (LEEP) in a 1:1 ratio, using a non-inferiority, single-center, open-blind, controlled clinical study method. Results: There were 96 people in the treatment group, of whom 91 were treated effectively. In the control group, 107 people were treated, of whom 104 were effective. The effective rate of the control group was 97.20%, and the effective rate of the treatment group was 95.83%, and the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The risk ratio was 0.986 (95%–102%). Difference between the two groups: −1.36% (−5.77%, 3.05%), based on the lower limit of the confidence interval being greater than Δ, i.e., −10%. Therefore, the treatment group was non-inferior to the control group. Conclusion: ALA-PDT is an effective and safe noninvasive treatment for patients with cervical HSIL/CIN2. It not only effectively removes diseased tissue and HR-HPV, but also preserves the intact tissue structure of the cervix, and can be used as a therapeutic approach for sick women of reproductive age and patients who wish to observe treatment, which may reduce nonessential surgery.