Suspected Posttraumatic Mandibular Coronoid Hyperplasia and Condylar Hypoplasia: Two Case Reports and Literature Review

Changes in the size of the coronoid process, due to hyperplasia or hypoplasia, may interfere with the normal range of mouth opening. Coronoid hyperplasia is a rare oral and maxillofacial disease which might result in progressive limitation of mouth opening due to the impingement of an abnormal elongated mandibular coronoid process on the zygomatic arch. This condition presents with clinical challenges due to its nonspecific nature of complaints that present in patients. It is characterized by gradual painless restriction of mouth opening. Currently, the exact etiopathology still remains inconclusive; however, genetic, hormonal, inflammatory, or traumatic influences have been reported. In this paper, the authors present two case reports of adults with suspected unilateral posttraumatic coronoid hyperplasia and developmental condylar hypoplasia that have a history of physical trauma inflicted during adolescence. Provided is a succinct update of literature to highlight the etiopathogenesis, significance of accurate diagnosis, and tailored treatment modalities in achieving favorable outcomes to restore function and esthetics.