Assessing the Magnitude of Household Water Demand in Makeni City Ward 121: Implications for Urban Water Resource Management in Sierra Leone

Access to clean and reliable water is essential for human health and sustainable development, particularly in rapidly growing urban areas of developing nations. This study focuses on Makeni City Ward 121 in Sierra Leone, where challenges in meeting water needs persist despite various contributing factors such as population growth and limited infrastructure. The study, therefore, aims to determine the magnitude of household water demand for efficient water resource management. Through a cross-sectional survey design, data were collected from 367 households using structured interviews. Statistical analyses, including t-tests and ANOVA, were conducted to understand household water demand patterns. Results indicate significant reliance on alternative water sources, posing health risks and burdens on residents. The findings underscore the importance of localized studies in informing effective water resource management strategies. Recommendations are provided for policymakers, urban planners, and community stakeholders to enhance water accessibility, affordability, and sustainability in Makeni City Ward 121 and similar urban contexts.