Graft-specific rehabilitation guidelines for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a frequently performed orthopaedic procedure, with rehabilitation playing a pivotal role in patient recovery. The selection of graft type in ACL reconstruction influences biomechanical properties, healing rates and post-surgical complications, necessitating a graft-specific rehabilitation approach. This article presents a comprehensive, phase-based rehabilitation protocol tailored to various ACL grafts, including bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB), hamstring tendon, quadriceps tendon, peroneus longus tendon, achilles tendon, allograft and synthetic graft. By integrating evidence-based exercise recommendations, this guideline aims to optimize patient outcomes, minimize complications and facilitate a safe return to functional activities and athletic participation.