Regenerative endodontic therapy of a non-vital immature permanent tooth with injectable platelet-rich fibrin: An 18-month clinical follow-up case report

Regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) have emerged as a viable treatment modality for the management of non-vital immature permanent teeth, aiming to promote continued root development and healing. This case report describes an 18-month clinical and radiographic follow-up of a 16-year-old male patient treated with injectable-platelet rich fibrin (i-PRF) in a non-vital immature permanent maxillary central incisor. The protocol followed the most recent American Association of Endodontists (AAE) guidelines. Clinical outcomes demonstrated radiographic signs of continued root development and apical healing, with a shift in the Periapical Index (PAI) score from 4 to 2. The apical response corresponded to Type 3, as per Chen et al. classification. The use of i-PRF, owing to its high leukocyte content and regenerative potential, demonstrated encouraging results. The case underscores the biological and clinical benefits of biologically based regenerative techniques.