THE INFLUENCE OF PORT INFRASTRUCTURE AND SUPRASTRUCTURE ON PORT CONCESSION REVENUE THROUGH PORT OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE

Optimizing port infrastructure and superstructure is critical to improving operational performance and increasing concession revenue. This study investigates how such optimizations influence port operations and their subsequent impact on financial returns from concessions. A quantitative research method is applied, questionnaires, literature review, and port operational data analysis. Infrastructure optimization covering hinterland connectivity, infrastructure quantity, and quality is hypothesized to enhance service efficiency for vessels, cargo, and port equipment. Similarly, superstructure optimization measured by technology adoption, quantity, and quality is considered vital in boosting operational productivity and service effectiveness. Operational performance is examined as a mediating variable linking infrastructure and superstructure improvements to concession revenue, while port policy is evaluated as a moderating variable that may strengthen or weaken this relationship. The findings confirm that port infrastructure positively influences operational performance, enhancing efficiency through integrated transport networks and well-maintained facilities. Additionally, infrastructure directly increases concession revenue by attracting business partnerships. Operational performance significantly boosts concession revenue by improving service reliability and competitiveness. Port superstructure, including advanced technologies like IoT and automated logistics, also enhances operational performance and directly contributes to higher concession revenue. Furthermore, both infrastructure and superstructure indirectly increase concession revenue through improved operational performance. These results underscore the strategic importance of investing in port infrastructure and superstructure to optimize operational efficiency and financial sustainability.