Progress in Post-Combustion Carbon Dioxide Capture, Direct Air Capture, and Utilization

Carbon dioxide (CO2) released from natural or even anthropogenic sources may lead to an increase in the average global temperature and ultimately a climate shift. Thus, protecting the environment by reducing CO2 concentration is a global concern. The recent approach of integrating CO2 through capture, utilization, and storage seems to be an effective eradication technique. Even though a wide range of CO2 capture strategies have been successfully adopted, there is an urgent need to compare these based on their advantages and weaknesses to define the development direction for future perspectives. Several materials have been used for capturing CO2. Thus, we have elaborated and compared the current state of CO2 capture strategies, including post-combustion CO2 capture and direct air CO2 capture. Strategies adopted under post-combustion CO2 capture, including liquid- and solid-based sorbents, membrane-based separators, and electrochemical reduction, have been explained in detail, including their advantages, weaknesses, and potential risks. Thus, this review presents a thorough analysis of CO2 capture in terms of material developments and manufacturing techniques, with some research gaps for future development.