Thermal Imaging as a New Perspective in the Study of Physiological Changes in Pregnant Women—A Preliminary Study

<b>Background/Objectives</b>: This study aimed to examine the dynamic thermal variations that occur in the posterior body regions of pregnant women by employing thermal imaging techniques. <b>Methods</b>: The study involved the participation of 34 women in various stages of pregnancy. The skin temperature (Tsk) distribution in specific body areas, including the spinal region and lower limbs, was analyzed under standard conditions. <b>Results</b>: The most considerable increase in body temperature (Tsk) recorded in female volunteers was achieved during the second trimester of pregnancy in physiologically stressed areas, such as the upper back (0.4 °C), lower back (0.77 °C), thighs (0.94 °C) and calves (0.32 °C). Contrastingly, a decrease in Tsk of noteworthy magnitude was observed in all body regions during the third trimester, with an average decrease of 1.7 °C. The lower back's most substantial decrease was observed (1.95 °C). Furthermore, a disparity was observed in the Tsk distribution of the calves, with the highest ∆T_mean value recorded at approximately 0.5 °C, and the thighs exhibiting a ∆T_mean value of 0.25 °C. <b>Conclusions</b>: Preliminary studies have demonstrated the potential of thermal imaging as a reliable and safe method to support prenatal diagnosis. Its application can facilitate the early detection of health complications, including inflammatory states or posture and circulatory system disorders, thereby enhancing the standard of prenatal care.