INTRODUCTION OF MEADOW CLOVER AND EVALUATION OF BREEDING SAMPLES ACCORDING TO ECONOMICALLY VALUABLE CHARACTERISTICS USING MODERN BREEDING METHODS

The paper presents the results of research on the formation of complex hybrid populations, and evaluates the collection of clover samples based on a set of economically valuable traits for the creation of forage varieties. The basis for the study was promising plants, which were sown in a wide range and individually in a row. During the budding period and the beginning of flowering, the accounting of economically valuable signs was carried out by cutting plants at a height of 10-12 cm. The direct dependence of clover seed formation on weather conditions is noted. In the first year of life, clover plants developed unevenly, reaching a maximum height of 55 cm and a minimum height of 30 cm. Of the studied cultivars, the introduced plants were characterized by the greatest foliage, from areas of vertical zonation with the greatest elevation above sea level. The assessment of the productivity of the studied meadow clover varieties, which was determined by the calculation method based on the weight of seeds from one plant, showed that the maximum seed yield was formed by samples that exceeded the standard variety by 15-20%. The collection samples of meadow clover are evaluated according to a complex of economically valuable features for creating varieties of the hay-pasture type. The best samples were selected for the yield of green mass, bushiness, and plant height. The initial material was obtained based on the characteristics of adaptivity, yield of green mass, foliage and seed productivity. Promising clover samples were selected for high seed productivity, reaching more than 60%. Similarly, in accordance with the vertical zonation of the natural habitats of wild-growing introduced species, the protein content in plant samples also increases. In terms of feed mass yield, the maximum values were noted in the varieties Farn, Ustodlivy (Belarusian breeding), Orlik (All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Legumes and Millet Crops), complex hybrid populations that exceeded the standard Daryal variety by 12-25%. In terms of seed productivity, the varieties of Sleds stood out. Synthetic populations Syn 305-03, Syn 274-94 (breeding of the National Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences VNC RAS), FM-143 (VNII kormov), Dargavsky.