AEROMONOSIS OF FISH: SYMPTOMS, TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OF THE DISEASE

Ensuring food security in the Russian Federation is impossible without accessibility of high-quality fish products for the general population. Breeding of aquatic organisms is of particular importance given the problems of fish diseases. Stressors such as overcrowding of pools, temperature changes, poor feed quality and water pollution reduce fish immunity and increase the risk of infections. Among the most common diseases is aeromonosis caused by bacteria of the genus Aeromonas. The main infectious agents include the following species: A. salmonicida, A. veronii, A. hydrophila. A. hydrophila is particularly dangerous, although there have been cases of infection with A. veronii with similar symptoms. Bacteria survive at temperatures from 0 to 45 ⸰C, optimal growth is 22-37 ⸰C. When infected with aeromonosis, carp exhibit symptoms characteristic of this disease, including reddening of the skin, muscle swelling and hemorrhages. The disease occurs in fulminant, acute, subacute and chronic forms. Also dangerous is the defeat of representatives of the sturgeon family, both representatives of pure lines and interspecific hybrids. Mortality is quite high, especially among young individuals. Their complex of symptoms includes ulcers, inflammation of organs and low activity. Diagnostics is carried out in a comprehensive manner: based on clinical signs, results of microbiological analysis and histopathological studies of tissues. Particular emphasis is placed on preventive measures: disinfection of reservoirs, compliance with planting density, use of high-quality feed and additives, maintaining the optimal chemical composition of water. A separate risk group is clariid catfish, characterized by high sensitivity to hypothermia. Treatment can be carried out with antimicrobial drugs, for example, in practice Enrotim 10% powder, Ciproflox TM 10%, Biovit, Rifampicin suspension 5%, Rifacin-Bio, Anzamycin, Enrocin 10% and 20%, Enropharm 10%, Levolox powder, Levolox powder for medicinal baths, Neomycin-pharm are actually used. Thus, the study is aimed at identifying the features of the epizootic process, clinical manifestations and methods of combating aeromonosis in fish, ensuring sustainable development of the fish farming sector of the economy.