THE ROLE OF PHYSICAL SKETCH MODELLING IN THE DIGITAL DESIGN ERA

The focus for this paper is on physical sketch modelling, and in particular 3D mock-ups, as tangible and experiential representations of product form and function. Although physical sketch modelling is not a new practice, there is a danger that it may become marginalized as digital modelling tools become ever more ubiquitous and favoured in student design processes. The paper puts forward a timely reappraisal of the relevance and value of physical sketch modelling in the digital design era. Definitions of product form and function are provided and then linked to general principles of modelling and sketching in design. Cognitive modelling and externalized modelling in media are introduced as a theoretical grounding for physical sketch modelmaking, followed by a review of the materials and resources typically required. Tensions between digital and physical form creation approaches are discussed. The main comprises a design studio project, where undergraduate industrial design students (n=85) worked in teams to design sustainable take-away food packing and serving solutions. Students were required to develop and communicate product form and function ideas via 3D mock-ups. An analysis of the outcomes established five key areas where 3D mock-ups have advantages over computer aided design (CAD): human factors, form definition and styling, usage scenarios, materialization, and design communication. The paper highlights the importance of retaining physical sketch modelling as a complementary approach, emphasizing its benefits in developing product forms, improving spatial reasoning, and enhancing early-stage design development.