Assessment of the impact of vaccine literacy on influenza vaccination practices among asthma patients in Jordan

Patients with asthma are at increased risk of respiratory infections, especially from seasonal influenza. Vaccination is critical for disease management, but uptake remains low, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Vaccine literacy (VL) may influence vaccination behavior. This study aimed to assess VL among asthmatic adults in Jordan and examine its relationship with influenza vaccination, considering demographic, attitudinal, and clinical factors. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 400 adults with asthma. Participants completed the Arabic version of the Vaccine Literacy Assessment tool (HLVa-Ar), a vaccine attitude scale, a vaccination practices survey, a sociodemographic sheet, and the GINA asthma symptoms test. Binary logistic regression identified predictors of influenza vaccination. The results indicated that only 29.1% of participants reported receiving the influenza vaccine. The median VL score was 34 (IQR: 27-41) out of a maximum score of 56. Regression analysis showed that higher VL scores were significantly associated with increased odds of vaccination (OR = 1.053, 95% CI: 1.024-1.083, p <.001). A more positive attitude toward vaccination also predicted higher vaccination rates (OR = 1.286, 95% CI: 1.167-1.418, p <.001). Conversely, participants earning less than 500 JOD per month were less likely to be vaccinated (OR = 0.450, 95% CI: 0.257-0.787, p = .005). The results confirmed that VL significantly influences vaccination practices. Public health strategies should focus on improving VL, especially among socioeconomically disadvantaged groups, to enhance vaccine uptake and asthma control.