Efficient quantum broadcast for an arbitrary number of receivers in noisy channels

Abstract Quantum broadcast is a method for distributing known quantum information to multiple recipients at once. Although the no-cloning theorem prohibits copying unknown quantum states, it is still possible to transmit the same known state to different destinations. This research introduces two new approaches. The first approach allows a sender to broadcast a single qubit to n receivers using a specialized entangled state known as a <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> -qubit cluster state. The paper illustrates this method with a detailed example for four receivers ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ) and demonstrates its validity through implementation on the Qiskit platform. The second protocol, builds upon the first protocol and allows for broadcasting a particular class of n -qubit state to n receivers. The effects of different quantum noise types on the protocol are investigated, with the fidelity metric used to quantify the quality of broadcasted states over a noisy quantum channel. These new protocols offer more efficient ways to share quantum information, potentially paving the way for improved quantum communication networks and internet.