Visualisation analysis of research frontiers, hotspots and trends in Fleckvieh breeding based on CiteSpace knowledge graph

<br>This study investigates advancements and trends inFleckvieh breeding research using the Web ofScience Core Collection database tocollate articles published since 1994. Through CiteSpace 6.4.R1, weconducted systematic analyses tovisualise research trajectories, identify seminal domains, and delineate emerging patterns. Our methodology encompassed publication profiling, scientific collaboration network mapping, co-citation analysis, and keyword co-occurrence/clustering techniques. The findings reveal that the current research frontiers focuson: Genomic applications ingenetic selection, Reproductive efficiency optimisation, Environmental adaptability mechanisms, Thermotolerance management strategies, Cross-disciplinary methodological integration. Germany, Czech Republic, Austria, and Switzerland emerged asleading contributors, with institutions including the Technical University ofMunich and University ofNatural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, demonstrating aparticular scholarly influence. Knowledge mapping effectively delineated thematic concentrations and temporal evolution patterns, providing actionable insights for future research prioritisation. The field isprogressing towards holistic, interdisciplinary frameworks underpinned byrobust international consortia. This work introduces novel analytical perspectives torefine breeding protocols and enhance practical implementation.