Predictive Value of Serum HMGB1, NF-κB, and IL-17 Gene Expression in Acute Pancreatitis Outcomes

<b>Background/Objectives</b>: This study investigated the gene expression levels of <i>High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1)</i>, <i>nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)</i> and <i>interleukin-17 (IL-17)</i> in the serum of patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) and analyzed the correlation of these three with the severity of AP, local and systemic complications, transfer to intensive care unit (ICU) and death. <b>Methods</b>: AP was diagnosed and stratified according to the revised Atlanta classification. The diagnosis of AP requires two of the following three features: abdominal pain (acute onset of persistent severe, epigastric pain often radiating to the back); serum lipase/or amylase activity at least three times higher than normal; characteristic findings of AP on computed tomography or abdominal ultrasonography. <b>Results</b>: This study confirmed that <i>NF-kB</i> is a significant marker of AP severity, as well as for ICU transfer, and correlates with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), while <i>IL-17</i> is shown as a significant marker of systemic complications (pleural effusions, ARDS, and renal failure). <i>HMGB1</i> correlates with pancreatic necrosis, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and ICU transfer. <b>Conclusions</b>: Over the past years, the role of <i>HMGB1</i>, <i>NF-kB</i>, and <i>IL-17</i> in the pathogenesis of AP has been under intense scrutiny, and they have been proposed as prognostic biomarkers for AP severity, poor prognosis, and death outcome. The advantage of this research is that changes in gene expression can be detected before the increase in serum concentrations of these biomarkers, and it allows early prediction of a severe form of AP, as well as the development of complications.