Numerical Assessment of Cast-in-Place Anchor Pullout Strength Regarding CCD Methodology

Reliable anchorage of cast-in-place headed bolts in unreinforced concrete is vital in structural and industrial applications, where inaccurate strength predictions can compromise safety and efficiency. This study develops and validates an elastic–plastic concrete model within LS-DYNA to assess the tensile performance of headed anchors with varying embedment depth-to-diameter ratios. A parametric analysis is conducted, considering different concrete strengths, anchor sizes, and steel yield strengths. The results show notable deviations from the Concrete Capacity Design (CCD) method, particularly under high-strength concrete and reduced embedment ratios. The CCD method underestimates capacity at 30–40 MPa and overestimates it at 20 MPa. A correction coefficient is proposed to improve embedment depth estimation. The findings offer practical guidance for safer and more accurate anchor design.