BIM-Enabled Two-Phase Optimization Framework for Automated Masonry Layout Efficiency

Masonry construction remains labor-intensive, with current block placement predominantly dependent on workers’ empirical knowledge. Lack of systematic cutting plans induces substantial material waste and rework, adversely affecting sustainability. We propose a two-phase optimization framework to automate and enhance masonry block arrangement efficiency. Phase 1 decomposes masonry structures into optimizable subregions by geometric features, documenting each region’s geometry and position to generate optimization datasets. Phase 2 implements a computational module using the Social Network Search (SNS) algorithm to optimize subregion layouts, recording post-optimization block coordinates and dimensions. Finally, it materializes layout configurations and generates block quantity schedules to provide precise material demand data. An integrated prototype system was implemented in four specialized block arrangement scenarios and one building case study, validating both functionality and efficiency.