A Comprehensive Framework for Cotton Crop Soil Moisture Evaluation Through Traditional Techniques, Sensor Networks and Remote Sensing

Soil moisture is crucial for cotton crop growth, influencing yield and water management. This research proposes a comprehensive framework for assessing soil moisture in cotton fields, combining traditional soil measurement techniques with cutting-edge methodologies, including sensor networks and remote sensing. The framework achieved soil moisture estimation accuracy within ±5% of ground-truth data, improving irrigation planning and reducing water consumption by up to 20%. By leveraging multiple data sources, including in-situ sensors and satellite imagery, the framework offers scalable solutions for monitoring soil moisture dynamics. These improvements contribute to better water usage efficiency, reducing irrigation costs and supporting sustainable cotton farming practices, with broader applications in precision agriculture and other water-intensive crops.