Radiotherapy: Its Dual Nature in Cancer Treatment in Terms of Immunotherapy and Low-Dose Radiation

This review paper critically analyses cancer treatment, examining the intricate aspects of radiotherapy (RT) and the promising prospects of virotherapy (VT) as a viable alternative strategy. We aim to explore the diverse effects of RT, providing a critical analysis of its dual nature as an effective method for cancer eradication and a potential cause of immunosuppression. The study delves into the complex relationship between immune responses and radiation effects, emphasizing the importance of meticulous treatment planning to optimize therapeutic outcomes. Additionally, it investigates the neurological and behavioural implications of low-dose radiation (LDR) on the brain, underscoring the need for comprehensive research to assess its long-term impact. The study presented VT as a promising and innovative approach to cancer treatment. The application of genetic engineering enables the use of viruses to precisely target and eliminate cancer cells while preserving the integrity of healthy tissue. Contemporary research and ongoing clinical trials have brought attention to the potential efficacy of VT as a standalone treatment or when used in conjunction with other therapeutic approaches. This paper provided an in-depth analysis of RT’s dual nature in terms of immunotherapy (IT) and LDR, alongside the dynamic advancements in VT, this review highlights the potential of VT as a novel alternative and the pressing need for collaborative and multidisciplinary research. Hence, engaging in collaborative research within a multidisciplinary domain is highly recommended to develop a groundbreaking model that balance effective treatment with minimal adverse effects in the foreseeable future.