Advancements in Mass Cytometry (CyTOF): global innovations and South Korea’s emerging role in precision medicine

Mass cytometry (CyTOF) utilizes metal-isotope-labeled antibodies to enable highdimensional protein analysis, overcoming limitations of traditional fluorescencebased flow cytometry.Since its introduction in 2009, CyTOF has transformed immune profiling in oncology and immunology.This minireview examines global advances in CyTOF instrumentation, including next-generation systems like the Helios Mass Cytometer, and Imaging Mass Cytometry for spatial proteomics.Computational tools such as FlowSOM and machine learning enhance data analysis.Applications span cancer immunotherapy, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases.South Korea's contributions are growing, supported by institutions like KAIST and national precision medicine initiatives.A SWOT analysis highlights strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats for South Korea's CyTOF research.CyTOF is a transformative tool for personalized medicine, with South Korea poised to expand its global impact through standardized methodologies, data science, and collaborations.