A Cyclodextrin Polymer for the Removal of Pharmaceuticals as Environmental Pollutants from Water, as Illustrated by the Example of Methylene Blue as a Model Compound
This study developed a beta-cyclodextrin polymer crosslinked with citric acid (CDCAPol) for removing water contaminants using methylene blue (MB) as a model compound. The polymer, which features free carboxyl groups and cyclodextrin cavities, demonstrated high adsorptive capacity. Under optimal conditions (0.01 g adsorbent, pH 6, and 50 mg/dm<sup>3</sup> MB), a removal efficiency of 99.2% was achieved, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 126.58 mg/g as determined by the Langmuir isotherm. Kinetic data fit the best to the pseudo-second-order model, highlighting strong interactions between MB and the polymer. This promising material may find applications in wastewater treatment and environmental protection.
Authors
- Sandra Żarska (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6856-5900)
- Jakub Łagiewka (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3706-9485)
- Iwona Zawierucha (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2975-1911)
- Tomasz Girek (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-7168)
- Aleksandra Ciesielska (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0268-4210)
- Wojciech Ciesielski (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6844-348X)
- Damian Kulawik (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6542-0303)
- Paulina Kapuśniak (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9980-8020)
- Malgorzata Girek-Bak
Institutions
- Jan Długosz University (PL)
- University of Gdańsk (PL)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Materials
- Published
- 2025-08-25
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18173980
- Primary Topic
- Membrane Separation Technologies
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00