The Role of Aggregators in Digital Energy

This study examines the role of aggregators in the context of digital energy and the integration of renewable energy sources (RES). The primary economic functions of aggregators are examined, including their role in optimizing energy markets and enhancing the flexibility and resilience of electricity systems. Different business models are presented, including the Energy as a Service (EaaS) model, and the effects of aggregators’ participation in electricity markets and balancing markets are examined. Special attention is paid to models for optimizing trading strategies and energy storage management. A comparative assessment of two scenarios for the distribution of the energy mix between solar and wind energy in the period 2022–2024 is conducted, evaluating the necessary storage capacities to achieve energy sustainability. The study highlights the importance of aggregators for grid stability, the integration of RES, and achieving higher efficiency through digitalisation and decentralisation in the context of European energy policy and the transition to a low-carbon economy.