The Application of Modified Targeted Nanoparticles in Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment

Nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely used in the field of oncology due to their characteristics such as non-invasiveness and targeting. Tumors are one of the major public health problems worldwide, and timely targeted diagnosis and treatment of tumors are particularly important. However, common nanoparticles have disadvantages such as insufficient targeting and poor adaptability to the tumor microenvironment (TME). TME can interact with tumors and jointly promote the tumor process. Moreover, at present, the single use of tumor diagnosis and treatment methods such as imaging techniques, surgery, photodynamic therapy (PDT) etc., may cause certain damage to the body, cannot conduct real-time monitoring, and lack targeting and other limitations. After being modified with specific materials, NPs can specifically target the TME based on the combined modifiers and can also integrate multiple modifiers to enhance the targeted positioning. The combination of the active targeting and non-invasive characteristics of NPs reduces the damage to normal tissues of the body. The combined application of nanotechnology with other diagnostic and therapeutic technologies can achieve real-time imaging detection at specific locations while conducting treatment, even achieve integrated diagnosis and treatment. This review explores the targeted effect of modified NPs on tumors and the application of NPs in combination with other diagnostic and therapeutic techniques.