A Proposed Framework to Mitigate Cybersecurity Threats and Protect ICT Systems in Developing Countries

The rapid advancement of information and communication technology (ICT) has transformed the operational landscape for organizations worldwide. However, this digital evolution has also heightened vulnerabilities, particularly in developing countries like Afghanistan, where cybersecurity measures are often inadequate. This research paper aims to explore the current policies, security awareness levels, incident response capacities, and technological approaches to cybersecurity in public and commercial organizations in Afghanistan. Additionally, it proposes a comprehensive cybersecurity framework tailored for developing nations. By employing a mixed-methods approach that includes qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys, this study provides actionable recommendations to enhance resilience against cyber threats and ensure the safety of ICT systems.