The role of plant growth regulators in modulating secondary metabolite production in nampu (Homalomena rostrata Griff)

The Nampu plant (Homalomena rostrata Griff) is recognized for its diverse beneficial properties, which are primarily attributed to its secondary metabolite content. This study investigates the effect of tissue culture techniques on the metabolite profile of Nampu leaves, utilizing Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with plant growth regulators kinetin and 2,4-D at a 2:2 mg/L ratio. The results indicate a positive growth response with successful callus induction. Thin Layer Chromatography analysis revealed distinct profiles between tissue-cultured and non-cultured leaves, with the former exhibiting unique spots indicative of additional compounds. The presence of steroid compounds was confirmed through the Liebermann-Burchard reaction, while ultraviolet visible spectrophotometry indicated absorbance peaks at 255 nm and 292 nm, suggesting the presence of chromophoric groups. Furthermore, infrared spectroscopy identified key functional groups, including a carbonyl (C=O) group at 1739.79 cm−1, characteristic of steroid structures. These findings underscore the potential of Nampu as a source of bioactive compounds and highlight the effectiveness of tissue culture in enhancing secondary metabolite production, paving the way for further pharmacological exploration of this plant.