Exploring Behavioral Mechanisms of BIM Outsourcing in Construction Enterprises: A TPB-Based Empirical Study from China

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is an innovative and effective solution to transform the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) sector, offering advantages that extend across the entire lifecycle of project management. Nonetheless, several obstacles hinder the comprehensive implementation of BIM. As a result of these obstacles, construction enterprises opt to delegate the development and utilization of BIM models to specialized outsourcing providers that focus on BIM services. Since limited research focused on examining the formation mechanisms behind BIM outsourcing process, this paper elucidates the mechanisms that underpin BIM outsourcing behavior by applying Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior (TPB) and integrating transition costs along with institutional pressures theory. The behavioral model underwent empirical validation through the application of partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) on survey data collected from construction engineers working for construction enterprises in China. The results indicated that (1) BIM outsourcing degree is motivated by an organization’s BIM outsourcing intention and BIM application capability; (2) behavioral attitudes, especially external production cost advantage, contributes the most toward achieving a high BIM outsourcing intention, followed by normative pressures; (3) transition cost contributes the most toward achieving a low BIM outsourcing intention. This research expands the theoretical framework of the TPB and provides insight into BIM outsourcing behavior in construction enterprises.