CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Overexpression of HGF Potentiates Tarim Red Deer Antler MSCs into Osteogenic Differentiation

Previous studies conducted by our research groups have demonstrated that the HGF/c-Met signaling pathway promotes the proliferation and migration of MSCs in the antlers of Tarim red deer. However, the role and mechanism of this gene in the osteogenic differentiation of antler MSCs remain unclear. In this study, we used antler MSCs as experimental materials. CRISPR/Cas9 technology was employed to knock out the <i>HGF</i> gene, and lentivirus-mediated overexpression of the <i>HGF</i> gene was constructed in antler MSCs. Subsequently, antler MSCs were induced to undergo osteogenic differentiation in vitro. Alizarin Red staining was employed to identify calcium nodules, while the expression levels of various osteogenic differentiation marker genes were assessed using immunohistochemistry, RT-qPCR, and Western blotting techniques. The findings indicated that the <i>HGF</i> gene facilitates the osteogenic differentiation of antler MSCs. Analysis of genes associated with the PI3K/Akt and MEK/ERK signaling pathways demonstrated that in antler MSCs with <i>HGF</i> gene knockout, the expression levels of PI3K/Akt and MEK/ERK pathway genes were significantly downregulated on days 7 and 14 of osteogenic differentiation (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In contrast, antler MSCs with <i>HGF</i> gene overexpression exhibited a significant upregulation of the PI3K/Akt and MEK/ERK signaling pathways on days 4 and 6 of osteogenic differentiation (<i>p</i> < 0.01). These findings suggest that the <i>HGF</i> gene in antlers enhances the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs by activating the PI3K/Akt and MEK/ERK pathways.