Heterogeneous Cu(0) nanoparticles on CaTiO₃ perovskite: a recyclable nanocatalyst for highly efficient azide-alkyne cycloaddition in aqueous medium

The CaTiO3 perovskite was synthesized using the sol–gel method, followed by the decoration of copper nanoparticles on the synthesized perovskite (Cu@CaTiO3) to create a heterogenic catalyst. Characterization of Cu@CaTiO3 was carried out using spectroscopic techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), FT-IR, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). In order to optimize the performance of the catalyst, various reaction conditions were adjusted, including the amount of the nano catalyst (with an optimal amount of 0.007 g), reaction time (4h), temperature (70 ℃), and choice of solvent (H2O) study exhibits promising performance as a reusable and heterogeneous catalyst in aqueous solution for the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazole. The efficacy of the catalyst in water was evaluated through the azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction, commonly known as the "click reaction". Furthermore, Cu@CaTiO3 offers advantages such as a straightforward preparation method, ease of separation and the ability to be recycled up to five times.