Optically Actuated Multi-Degrees-of-Freedom Diamagnetic Levitating Parallel Platforms

Abstract This work presents a wireless, modular actuation system based on diamagnetic levitation coupled with laser-based optical control to achieve multi-degree-of-freedom (DOF) motion. The platform leverages passive levitation for frictionless motion without mechanical contact or embedded electronics. We demonstrate both discrete and continuous actuation modes across 6 DOFs and introduce three complementary configurations: a single levitated actuator for planar motion, a dual-actuated structure for vertical displacement, and a parallel architecture capable of full 6 DOF manipulation. These systems are fabricated using two-photon polymerization and operate in complete wireless coordination within a compact environment. The proposed system offers a clean, scalable, and energy-efficient alternative to traditional positioning technologies, with strong potential for integration into microfluidic automation, biomedical testing, and lab-on-chip platforms.