A Transient Headache as a Complication of Bronchial Artery Embolization for Hemoptysis

Background: Bronchial artery embolization (BAE) is an established treatment for hemoptysis. While major complications are well documented, transient headaches during the procedure are rarely reported. Purpose: To determine the frequency, characteristics, and potential mechanisms of headaches occurring during BAE. Methods: Twenty-six patients (17 male, 9 femlae; mean age 62.3 ± 13.5 years) undergoing BAE for hemoptysis were prospectively evaluated. All procedures were performed under conscious sedation, using superselective catheterization and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles. Headache onset, duration, location, and relation to procedural stage were recorded. Neurological examination was performed immediately post-procedure. Statistical analysis used Fisher’s exact test. Results: Headache occurred in 17 patients (65.3%). Most episodes arose during PVA injection (76.5%, p < 0.01) and were unilateral in 58.8%, corresponding to the treated side (p < 0.05). All headaches resolved spontaneously after embolization stopped. No patient required analgesics, and no neurological deficits were detected. Headache incidence was unrelated to gender, number of arteries embolized, or underlying cause of hemoptysis. Conclusion: Transient headache is a relatively frequent and benign event during BAE, often associated with PVA injection and lateralizing to the embolized side. Awareness of this phenomenon allows better patient counselling and procedural reassurance.