STUDY OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVITY OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS

In 2021-2024, studies were conducted to study the photosynthetic activity of field crops in a five-field crop rotation. In the experiment with potatoes in plots where moderate doses of fertilizers were applied, the amount of nutrients in the soil increased by 18% compared with the control variant. The total photosynthetic potential, the yield of tubers and the percentage of use of headlamps increased by 24-27%. The productivity of the leaf apparatus has changed somewhat. With increased doses of fertilizers, the amount of nutrients in the soil increased by 38%, the yield and the percentage of use of headlamps increased by the same amount. The total photosynthetic potential increased by 50%, while photosynthetic productivity decreased by 6%. In winter wheat, where moderate doses of fertilizers were applied, the amount of nutrients in the soil increased by 9-10%, and the total photosynthetic potential, yield, and use of headlamps also increased. Net productivity did not change. The use of photosynthetic active radiation is 1.4% in potatoes with a yield of 250-350 c/ha tubers, 2.0-2.2% in winter wheat crops with a grain yield of 42.0 – 45.1 c/ha, 2.7 – 3.2% in corn crops with a yield of 77 – 92.1 c/ha. The total photosynthetic potential increased, as a rule, much more strongly, and the productivity of the leaf apparatus did not change. In winter wheat, this pattern is noted only in moderate doses. At increased doses, the crops of this crop react significantly less according to photosynthetic parameters and yield, as the nutrient content in the soil increases. The cultivation of corn in rain-fed conditions makes it possible to obtain yields of 6.0-7.0 t/ha in the forest-steppe zone, which is 23-25% less than the crop in the crop rotation. A decrease in the productivity of corn crops is associated with the formation of a smaller assimilation surface.