Investigating toxicity and Bias in stable diffusion text-to-image models

Text-to-image models are increasingly popular and impactful, yet concerns regarding their safety and fairness remain. This study investigates the ability of ten popular Stable Diffusion models to generate harmful images, including sexual, violent, and personally sensitive material. We demonstrate that these models respond to harmful prompts by generating inappropriate content, which frequently displays troubling biases, such as the disproportionate portrayal of Black individuals in violent contexts. Our findings demonstrate a complete lack of any refusal behavior or safety measures in the models observed. We emphasize the importance of addressing this issue as image generation technologies continue to become more accessible and incorporated into everyday applications.

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Publication Details

Journal
Scientific Reports
Published
2025-08-26
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12032-4
Citations
1
Primary Topic
Cinema and Media Studies
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
3.13

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article

Investigating toxicity and Bias in stable diffusion text-to-image models

Matthias Schneider, Thilo Hagendorff
1 citations
Scientific Reports
Cinema and Media Studies
3.13
article

Investigating toxicity and Bias in stable diffusion text-to-image models

Matthias Schneider, Thilo Hagendorff
article en
1 citations

Abstract

Text-to-image models are increasingly popular and impactful, yet concerns regarding their safety and fairness remain. This study investigates the ability of ten popular Stable Diffusion models to generate harmful images, including sexual, violent, and personally sensitive material. We demonstrate that these models respond to harmful prompts by generating inappropriate content, which frequently displays troubling biases, such as the disproportionate portrayal of Black individuals in violent contexts. Our findings demonstrate a complete lack of any refusal behavior or safety measures in the models observed. We emphasize the importance of addressing this issue as image generation technologies continue to become more accessible and incorporated into everyday applications.

Scientific ReportsVol. 15(1)
University of Stuttgart (DE), Hasso Plattner Institute (DE)
Universität Potsdam, Universität Stuttgart
Openalex Percentile: Top 7%
Cinema and Media Studies
3.13
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Investigating toxicity and Bias in stable diffusion text-to-image models — Matthias Schneider, Thilo Hagendorff · Scientific Reports (2025) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS