<i>Calophyllum inophyllum</i> oil incorporated in PEO–PVAc nanofibers as a novel approach to wound healing technology

Skin injury repair is a complicated process that involves wound healing. Effective wound dressings play a crucial role in enhancing this process by providing multiple functions, such as wettability, antibacterial activity, and drug release. In this study, Calophyllum inophyllum oil (CIO) is incorporated into polyethylene oxide-polyvinyl acetate (PEO-PVAc) nanofibers using an electrospinning technique. The successful incorporation is verified by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, while the morphology is observed by scanning electron microscopy. The fabricated nanofibers are beadless and have fiber diameter distributions of 333–472 nm. The addition of CIO significantly improves the wettability of the nanofibers, as indicated by a decrease in water contact angle, which is crucial for accelerating the healing process. Additionally, the CIO exhibits potent antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive (Escherichia coli) and Gram-negative (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria, with expanding inhibition zones as the CIO concentration is increased. These findings highlight the great potential of PEO-PVAc/CIO nanofibers for advanced wound healing applications.